Links: Experimental Tools for Materials Study at Atomic and Nano Scale

This page lists links to the web sites containing information about different experimental methods which are used to study materials at atomic and nano scale, tutorials and selected examples of applications. We will appreciate your comments, corrections and suggestions in order to provide the most accurate and updated information on this and other pages at our web portal.

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) Nanoindentation Near–field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM or SNOM) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Raman Spectroscopy (RS) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Two-Photon Microscopy (TPM) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) X-Ray Spectroscopy

• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
   
  
  • Atomic Force Microscopy – at Nanoscience.com
  • Chemistry at the Solid-Liquid Interface – Research in the Group of Richard Compton
  • Conductive Tips for AFM – Press Release at Nanotechweb.org
  • General Ideas about AFM – Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph
  • Gerton Lab – Youtube Video Showing AFM Application
  • How AFM Works – from Thesis by David Baselt, California Institute of Technology
  • Imaging, Measuring and Manipulating ... – Book Chapter
  • Introduction to AFM – from Paul West
  • Key Tool for Nanotechnology – An Article by Michael Berger at Nanowerk.com
  • Principles – at NT-MDT
  • Probing Biomolecules by AFM – by Helen Hansma, University of California, Santa Barbara
  
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  • Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
     
    
    • Wikipedia Article
    • AES Introduction
    • Auger Electron Spectroscopy (Book Chapter) by A. Chourasia & D. Chopra
    • Auger Electron Spectroscopy (Encyclopedia Article) by Noel Turner
    • AES Introduction
    
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  • Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM)
     
    
    • Fundamentals and Applications – by Alexeev & Popkov, NT–MDT
    • Illustration of MFM – by Michael Donahue, NIST
    • Imaging of the Spatial Variation of Magnetic Forces – by Dayal Kaushik, Carnegie Mellon University
    • Physics of MRFM – by Micro Structures and Sensors Lab, Stanford University
    • Principle and Applications – by Materials Science Group, University of Twente
    • Principles – at NT-MDT
    • Silicon MFM Probes – at Nanosensors.com
    • 3DMFM – By CISMM, University of North Carolina
    
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  • Nanoindentation
     
    
    • Hardness Testing – by Materials Evaluation & Engineering
    • Introduction – by Tom Juliano & Vladislav Domnich
    • Materials Testing at Nanometer Scale – by NTEGRA, NT–MDT
    • Nanoindentation of Polymers by AFM – at NIST
    • Nanomechanical Test Instruments – by Micromaterials
    • Research – by Steven Kenny, Loughborough University
    
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  • Near–field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM or SNOM)
     
    
    • Development – by Optical technology Division, NIST
    • Infrared SNOM Investigates Orders and Clusters... – by J. Generosi et al., Journal of Microscopy
    • Investigation of Surface – by NT–MDT
    • Luminiscence Mode – by NT–MDT
    • Nanoscale Optics – by CSEM
    • s–SNOM – Rainer Hillenbrand and Fritz Keilmann, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
    
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  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
     
    
    • Background: H and C NMR – by Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University
    • Basic Principles and Interpretation – by Francis Carey, University of Calagary
    • Basics – by Maryellen Nerz-Stormes, Bryn Mawr College
    • Basics of NMR – by Joseph Hornack, Rochester Institute of Technology
    • Principle and Applications – by Henry Rzepa, Imperial College London
    • Theoretical Principles – by Sheffield Hallam University, UK
    
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  • Raman Spectroscopy (RS)
     
    
    • Physical Chemistry Class – at the University of Colorado Denver
    • Raman Scattering – by Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University
    • Raman Tutorial – by Kaiser optical Systems
    • Surface Enhanced raman Spectroscoopy (SERS) – by Wikipedia
    • Practice Guide – by Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, NIST
    • Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy – by G. Picardi et al., Fritz-Haber-Institut
    • TERS–Robust and Commercially Useful technique – by Zenobi Group, ETH
    
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  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
     
    
    • Basic Principles, Instrumentation and Examples – by Philip Rack, University of Tennessee
    • Brief Overview – by Center for Materials Research and Analysis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
    • General Introduction – by Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University
    • How ESEM Works – by Image Technology Group, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champagn
    • Image Formation – by Acept Project, Arizona State University
    • Image Gallery and More – by Museum of Science, Science Park, Boston
    • Low Temperature – by Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
    • Multi–User SEM – an Article at the Journal of Microscopy, TMS
    • Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) – by david Wipf, Mississippi State University
    • SEM Notes – By Center for Ultrastructural Research, University of Georgia
    • Tutorials and Lessons – by Materials Science & Engineering Department, Iowa State University
    • Understanding How SEM Works – by College of Engineering, Iowa State University
    • What is SEM and How it Works – by Radiological & Environmental Management, Purdue University
    
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  • Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
     
    
    • Basic Principle and Examples – by Roger Nix, Queen Mary University of London
    • Introduction to SPM – By John Cross
    • Materials Characterization – by Roger Nix, Ptrick Pizzo, San Jose State University
    • Principle of SPM – by Joost Frenken, Leiden Institute of Physics
    • Principles – at NT-MDT
    • Russian Society of SPM and Nanotechnology – Galeries of Images, Resources, Etc.
    • SPM Lab – at North Carolina State University
    • Tutorial – by B. Ramakrishna, Arizona State University
    
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  • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
     
    
    • Basics – by Dmitri Petrovykh
    • Color Images – by René Pascal
    • Gallery – at IBM Research
    • IBM Research – Overview, examples, Resources, Etc.
    • Low Temperature, High Visibility – an article in Physical Review Focus
    • Nobel Prize in Physics, 1986 – by Gerd Binning & Heinrich Rohrer
    • Notes – by Phil Fraundorf, University of Missouri
    • Overview – by Nanoscience.com
    • Overview – By Russell Young, NIST
    • Principle and Examples – by Mike Crommie, Berkeley University
    • STM Gallery – by Surface Physics Group, TU Wien
    • STMs Make Mountains out of Molehills – an Article in Physical Review Focus
    • Theory and Examples – by Solid state Physics Department, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg
    • Tutorial – by Tit–Wah Hui, University of Guelph
    
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  • Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS)
     
    
    • Analysis Techniques: SIMS – by Cameca
    • Basics – by Siliconfarest.com
    • Book Chapter – by Roger Nix, Queen Mary University of London
    • Introduction to SIMS – by Jingshen Wu, Hong Kong University
    • Static SIMS – by Wikipedia
    • What is SIMS – by Laboratory for Space Science, Washington University in St. Louis
    
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  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
     
    
    • Wikipedia Article
    • SPR Pages
    • Surface Plasmon resonance: Prionciples, Methods and Applications in Biomedical Sciences by Patrcik Englebienne et al.
    
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  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
     
    
    • Acronyms and Micrographs – by Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University
    • Basics – by Peter Goodhew, University of Liverpool
    • Learn to Use TEM – by John Rodenburg
    • Links – by Harriett Smith&ndah;Somerville, University of Alabama
    • Nobel Prize in Physics, 1986 – by Ernst Ruska
    • Scheme of TEM – by Frank Krumeich, ETH Zurich
    • TEM Notes – by Center for Ultrastructural research, University of Georgia
    • TEM Works Much Like a Slide Projector – by Center for Materials Research and Analysis, University of Nebraska – Lincoln
    • Web Course Notes – by Electron Microscopy Outreach Program, University of California San Diego
    
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  • Two-Photon Microscopy (TPM)
     
    
    • Fundamentals and Applications in Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy – by Nikon Microscopy
    • Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy – by Wikipedia
    • Two–Photon Fluorescence Microscopy – by Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics, Jülich Forschungzentrum
    • Why Use a Confocal Microscope? – by Keck Microscopy Facility, University of Washington
    
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  • X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
     
    
    • Wikipedia Article
    • X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (tutorial Presentation) by Roger Smart
    • Introduction to X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and XPS Application for Biologically Related Objects by Dmitry Zemlyanov
    
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  • X-Ray Spectroscopy
     
    
    • An Introduction to X-Ray Spectroscopy by Andy Dent
    • X-Ray Fruorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)
    • XAFS Tutorial Documents
    • X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metallobiomolecules by Robert Scott
    • Spectral Imaging in X-Ray Microanalysis: Development and Applications by Alan Sandborg
    
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